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US INVESTORS proved they were still interested in credit stories this week when they snapped up a $522.5m high yield issue, including a $97.5m CCC+ rated tranche, by US casino company Venetian Casinos Resorts. Although other US high yield offerings have been priced since last week's market turmoil, the size and rating of the Venetian deal in a less than attractive sector was seen as the first real test of investors' appetite for credit risk since the sell-off.

China State Development Bank of China signed its $220m financing coordinated by HSBC Investment Bank Asia and SocGen Asia on October 28 in Beijing.

ESAT TELECOM Group, the Irish telecommunications operator, priced its IPO last night (Thursday) at $13 per share -- the mid-point of the indicative pricing range of $12-$14. A total of 6m ADSs were offered, representing 12m underlying shares. International buyers took up 3.9m ADSs. There is an additional 900,000 overallotment option. The ADSs will be listed on the Nasdaq and Easdaq stock exchanges.

BBL WILL issue the first Belgian collateralised loan obligation through JP Morgan as soon as market conditions allow. A BBL official said: "The deal is 99% complete from a technical point of view, and we will be watching the market closely over the coming days and weeks.

THE FIRST credit card master trust based wholly in the UK made its debut in the securitisation markets this week. The Opus Master Receivables Trust has been established by HFC Bank to securitise income on the credit cards it issues in the UK. Opus Series 1 plc, lead managed by Deutsche Morgan Grenfell, offered £132m of triple-A rated class 'A' notes at a fixed re-offer price of 99.92 to yield 12bp over three month Libor on a 10bp coupon.

NOMURA has sold 845 UK public houses from its Phoenix Inns portfolio to Grovebase Properties Ltd, removing the need for it to launch another securitisation at this stage. Phoenix Inns Ltd was set up by Nomura's principal finance group in January 1995 to manage 1,801 pubs bought from Inntrepreneur Estates. The pubs are free to buy beer from any brewery.

JOINT bookrunners Goldman Sachs and Morgan Stanley Dean Witter brought a jumbo securitisation of US student loans for Sallie Mae this week, in response to a reverse enquiry. The banks would not comment on the identity of the investor or small group of investors behind the deal, but said that all the senior bonds were preplaced.

* Standard & Poor's has downgraded Sumitomo Bank's long term rating from A to A-, and its short term rating from A-1 to A-2, following the bank's announcement that it will make a $3.6bn loss this fiscal year, due to defaulted Japanese loans.

Frankfurt's battle to become Europe's financial centre is gaining added urgency in the run-up to the single currency. The Bund market is undergoing a series of reforms to establish its credentials as the benchmark in the new euro market. The derivatives and stockmarkets are pitching themselves as liquid and cost-effective trading centres; and the banking system claims to be better prepared for monetary union than any of its European rivals. But still the perception lingers that the German financial markets are antiquated and inefficient -- and that Frankfurt lacks the deal-making culture to be the finance centre of the new euroland. Is this misplaced?

Germany's Pfandbriefe issuers -- the mortgage banks -- have conducted a whirlwind marketing effort to internationalise their product over the past three years, and the dividends are increasingly apparent.

The planned mergers between Bayerische Vereinsbank and Bayerische Hypothekenbank -- and, even more dramatically, between Krupp and Thyssen -- have sent shockwaves through the German financial and industrial sectors. Many predict a wave of takeovers in Europe's most M&A-averse market as whole sectors undergo rationalisation and as the leading players seek to generate cost savings, improve their competitiveness and raise their return on equity. It will not happen overnight. In a country where M&A -- like privatisation -- is synonymous with job cuts, such moves will encounter fierce resistance from workers, while there are also formidable legal obstacles to certain forms of Anglo-Saxon style takeovers. But change is in the air. And no one doubts that the German corporate and financial landscape will alter drastically over the coming years.

Germany's new-found love affair with equities is not simply down to the happy combination of interest rates at historically low levels and -- until the last few weeks -- a booming stockmarket. It comes from deeper sources than that. Even companies notorious in the past for their hostile attitude towards shareholders are embracing the concepts of shareholder value -- and are scrambling to list in New York to demonstrate their new virtue to the widest possible international audience. The reduced capacity of local banks to finance the capital requirements of German industry is forcing companies to look beyond their traditional funding sources. And, even on a conservative basis, the flow of household investments and new institutional funds into the stockmarket could create an additional DM150bn of new demand over the next few years. Those structural factors point to a major long term development in the size, liquidity and efficiency of the German equity capital market. But the new love of equities may cause some problems in the short term. Analysts say the market is overheating -- partly as a result of the surge in retail investment -- and there is already resentment at the number of German companies that have been raising new equity for no other reason than that their share prices have been so high. The recent correction in global equity markets should provide the spur for a welcome shake-out in the new issue market.